Microwave sterilization equipment uses the heating effect of microwave radiation to kill bacteria. Specifically, microwave sterilization equipment uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by microwave radiation to transfer energy to the object to be treated, causing the moisture molecules inside the object to vibrate, generating friction and heat. In this way, the temperature of the object rises rapidly, exceeding the survival temperature range of the bacterial flora, resulting in the death of the bacterial flora.

The following is the working principle of microwave sterilization equipment:

1. Microwave generation: Microwave sterilization equipment generates high-frequency microwave radiation through a microwave generator. The common microwave frequency is 2.45 GHz, because water molecules have a strong ability to absorb microwave radiation at this frequency.

2. Microwave transmission: The generated microwaves are transmitted to the area where the object to be processed is located through a waveguide or transmission system. Transmission systems usually use waveguides, waveguides or microwave antennas.

3. Microwave absorption: Water molecules in the object to be treated have strong absorption capabilities for microwave radiation. After microwave radiation enters an object, water molecules will vibrate and rub rapidly, causing the friction between molecules to generate heat.

4. Temperature rise: Due to the absorption and energy transfer of microwaves, the temperature of the object to be processed rises rapidly. Microwave sterilization equipment usually controls the temperature rise rate and final temperature of the object by controlling the microwave power and heating time.

5. Sterilization effect: When the temperature of the object rises beyond the survival temperature range of the bacterial flora, the cell structure and metabolic process of the microorganisms are destroyed, leading to the death of the bacterial flora and the realization of the bactericidal effect.

It should be noted that microwave sterilization equipment needs to be adjusted and optimized according to different objects and sterilization requirements in practical applications. For example, factors such as microwave power, heating uniformity, sterilization time, and object characteristics need to be considered to ensure the stability and reliability of the sterilization effect. In addition, different types of microorganisms have different sensitivities to microwave radiation, so research and consultation are required in advance when determining the application scope of microwave sterilization equipment.